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Cardiovascular Medicine
www.CardiovascularMedicine.net

What is Cardiovascular Medicine?

Cardiovascular medicine is the specialized branch of medicine that deals with diseases and disorders of the heart and cardiovascular system. The doctors that work in cardiovascular medicine are referred to as "cardiologists" and they diagnose and treat; congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and conduct tests of the heart called cardiac electrophysiology.

Cardiologists do not perform surgery. Heart surgeons are referred to as cardiac surgeons, cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiovascular surgeon.

The medical term "cardiology" comes from the Greek word καρδιά pronounced "kardia" and means the heart or inner self.

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The Leading Resources for Coronary Artery Bypass, Cardiovascular Medicine, 
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Coronary Revascularization Information, 
Education, Resources, Medical & Physician Referrals

Send email for more information:  

info@CardiovascularMedicine.net

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What is Coronary Artery Bypass (surgery)?

Coronary Artery Bypass surgery is also known as Coronary Artery Bypass Graft as well as "heart bypass."  

Coronary Artery Bypass is performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease. Arteries or veins from the patient's body (usually arteries or veins in the patient's legs) are grafted to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the myocardium (heart muscle). 

Coronary Artery Bypass is usually performed with the heart stopped, necessitating the usage of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine.

What is Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (surgery)?

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - also known as Coronary Artery Bypass as well as " heart bypass" surgery, is performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease. Arteries or veins from the patient's body (usually arteries or veins in the patient's legs) are grafted to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the myocardium (heart muscle). Coronary Artery Bypass is usually performed with the heart stopped, necessitating the usage of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine.

What is Coronary Revascularization?

Coronary Revascularization restores the flow of oxygen and nutrients back to the heart. To restore blood flow to the heart, open heart surgery is required to bypass the existing blockages or obstructions in the coronary arteries of the heart. Once the blockages or obstructions are removed, blood circulates to the heart again. The most common type of revascularization procedure is called Coronary Artery Bypass or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, sometimes called CABG (“cabbage”).

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What is Coronary Revascularization?

Coronary Revascularization restores the flow of oxygen and nutrients back to the heart. To restore blood flow to the heart, open heart surgery is required to bypass the existing blockages or obstructions in the coronary arteries of the heart. Once the blockages or obstructions are removed, blood circulates to the heart again. The most common type of revascularization procedure is called Coronary Artery Bypass or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, sometimes called CABG (“cabbage”).

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Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Feminine Hygiene
www.FeminineHygiene.com

The Leading Resource for Feminine Hygiene Since 1997!

The Leading Resource on Feminine Hygiene, Menstruation, 
Obstetrics and Gynecology and Vulvovaginal Health and Safer, Healthier, 
Environmentally-Friendly Feminine Hygiene Products Since 1997

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Our new Femgyn Health's Inipads are similar to the previous "inter labial pads" in that they are placed between the labia minora (smaller lips) of a woman's vulva, on the outside of her vagina, and not IN the vagina (see picture below) like tampons are. 

Best of all, our Femgyn Health's Inipads are made from 100% certified organic cotton, the safest and best material that can be used for feminine hygiene....  with no adhesives or harsh chemicals ever used!

Our Femgyn Health's Inipads stay in place naturally in the "interlabial" space between a woman's labia minora without any harsh chemicals or adhesives, without shifting or bunching like menstrual pads and pantiliners....  Our Inipads won't dry out a woman's vagina like typical tampons do, especially toward the end of each menstrual period.  Finally, and best of all, our Inipads won't pinch your vagina or cause irritations of your vagina - not to mention the microscopic cuts inside of the vagina, the way tampons do, especially when inserting and removing a tampon from the vagina up to 4-6 times/day!

Women use our Femgyn Health's Inipads during their menstrual periods or for other feminine hygiene reasons, such as vaginal discharge or urinary leakage.  

Femgyn Health's Inipads don't overly absorb or cause vaginal dryness problems since they aren't worn in the vagina.

Femgyn Health's Inipads absorb like tampons worn inside the vagina, but are never inserted in the vagina like tampons - where a woman's vagina frequently becomes excessively dry toward the end of her period, due to the drying properties of tampons.

Femgyn Health's Inipads have two absorbencies which are our "Light Inipads" and our "Regular Inipads."

Femgyn Health's Inipads will never bunch up or shift around like the typical menstrual pads and they are very comfortable to wear, even when sitting for long periods!

Femgyn Health's Inipads are usually replaced when urinating, and can be safely flushed down the toilet or wrapped and thrown into the trash.

Remember!!!  Femgyn Health's Inipads are made from certified organic cotton - and NOT made from the same materials commonly used in the leading feminine hygiene brands of tampons and menstrual pads. This means that our Femgyn Health's Inipads are great for you and great for our environment! 

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What is Adhesiolysis?

Treatment for the removal of Pelvic Adhesions is through a surgical procedure called "adhesiolysis." The adhesiolysis procedure may involve cutting and releasing the adhesions during a laparoscopy procedure or treating the adhesions during a laparotomy.

What is Bladder Neck Suspension?

Bladder Neck Suspension is a surgical procedure that is performed to support the bladder's "neck" which is where the urethra joins the bladder.  Bladder Neck Suspension procedure is performed to treat female urinary incontinence wherein women may lose urine when coughing, sneezing or even laughing.

What is Clinical Obstetrics?

Clinical obstetrics is the study of the pregnant female and the developing baby (fetus) in the womb and of the medical care and practice that is provided to both.

Medical doctors that practice clinical obstetrics are typically referred to as an Ob-Gyn or "obstetricians and gynecologists" that practice medicine in "obstetrics and gynecology." Family physicians may also practice clinical obstetrics. A recent development, primarily due to rapidly-rising healthcare costs and medical malpractice insurance rates, see more OBGYNs leaving their obstetrics and gynecology practice, and entering family practice or "primary care" doctors.

What Is Colpopexy?

A woman's vagina may become dis-placed or change location from its normal location within its normal vulvovaginal location.  When it becomes displaced, a colpopexy or vaginal repair surgery is required to re-locate the vagina.  

Colpopexy is the surgical procedure wherein the vagina is repositioned to the correct location within the pelvis.

Colpopexy is the standard protocol for correcting vaginal vault prolapse - also referred to as vaginal prolapse - which occurs when the vagina's supporting structure weakens to the point that the vagina will bulge; "fall" in on itself or even fall outside of the vaginal opening. Vaginal prolapse is a common occurrence in women that have had a hysterectomy, entered into menopause or have had one or more vaginal childbirths. 

There are two major types of Colpopexy surgeries:

1.  sacral colpopexy 

and 

2.  vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy.

Colpopexy is the surgical suturing of the prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure - such as the abdominal wall or the sacrum, which is then called Sacral Colpopexy or Sacrocolpopexy.

What is Colporrhaphy?

Colporrhaphy is the surgical repair of the vaginal wall. This includes repairing many types of vaginal surgery, including the repairs of the vagina in a "Pelvic Organ Prolapse," "vaginal prolapse," "Vaginal Vault Prolapse," or the repair of a "cystocele" in the vaginal wall(s) or vaginal vault or a rectocele. A cystocele occurs when the bladder protrudes into the vagina, and a rectocele when the rectum protrudes into the vagina.

In the Colporrhaphy procudeure, a uro-gynecologist, or gynecological surgeon, places a vaginal speculum inside the vagina, which spreads/keeps the vagina open, for the doctor to inspect and repair the vagina. The vaginal wall is cut opened to reveal an opening in the supporting structures, or fascia and the defect is closed and then the vagina is repaired by suture and closed, and the speculum removed.


Who performs the Colporrhaphy and where is it performed?

Colporrhaphy is usually performed in a nearby hospital operating room by a uro-gynecologist, urologist or gynecological surgeon.

What is "Colposuspension" surgery?

Age and vaginal childbirth takes it toll on women's pelvic organs.

"Female Urinary Incontinence" is one of the problems most (over 50%) women who have delivered babies vaginally have to contend with. Women with Female Urinary Incontinence "leak" urine when they strain, cough, laugh or run. This condition is also called "stress urinary incontinence" meaning the stress of physical activity, not emotional stress is causing her to "leak" urine.

The problems associated with female urinary incontinence are corrected in the the "floor" of the woman's pelvis by several methods or types of surgeries - one of which is called Colposuspension.

A woman's pelvic floor is a sheet of special muscles and ligaments that stretch across the inside of the female pelvis. Women can feel it "tighten" when they try to hold back the flow of urine - or when they strain, cough, laugh or run. The uterus and bladder are located above the pelvic floor. The vagina and the opening of the bladder (the urethra) pass through the pelvic floor. If the pelvic floor weakens, the uterus and bladder "drop" down. The control of the urine is thereby weakened.

Colposuspension surgery strengthens the pelvic floor to lift, or "suspend" the uterus and bladder back up to their correct position within the woman's pelvis.

Colposuspension comes from the Greek word for vagina - "colpos."

What is Dilation and Curettage

Dilation and curettage - also referred to as a "D & C" - is a surgical procedure whereby the doctor scrape the inside of the woman's uterus to remove the lining. For most women with menorrhagia, a D&C is temporary and reduces excessive bleeding for only a few periods.

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus.  As a hysterectomy involves the removal of the woman's uterus, menorrhagia will no longer be a problem. Hysterectomy is also a surgical procedure and also involves risks. The recovery period after hysterectomy is 3 to 6 weeks. 

What is Endometrial Ablation?

Endometrial Ablation is the removal of the lining of the uterus, or "endometrium."  After the doctor removes the uterine lining, this significantly decreases a woman's menstrual flow or stops it completely.

Endometrial Ablation is another possible therapy but only if you and your husband don't plan to have children in the future. 

Typical Endometrial Ablation removes the lining of the uterus with an electrosurgical tool or laser. Like any surgical procedure, there are risks, which include perforation of the uterus, bleeding, infection, or even heart failure due to fluids used to open up or distend the uterus.

More information about Endometrial Ablation at:  www.EndometrialAblation.net

What is an "Epidural Anesthesia"? 

Epidural Anesthesia is by far and away, the most popular method for providing pain relief during labor and childbirth. 

In fact, more women specifically request for an "epidural" or "Epidural Anesthesia" than any other form of pain relief.  Recent statistics indicate that 57.4% of women in labor are administered an Epidural Anesthesia.

Once administered, Epidural Anesthesia acts as a "regional anesthesia" which blocks pain in a specific region of the body. The purpose of Epidural Anesthesia is to provide pain relief, making pain manageable or tolerable during childbirth, or some medical procedures, but not to remove all pain, which removes all sense of feeling entirely. It is important for women going through vaginal childbirth to have some feeling, or they would not feel the urge to push, or know when to push.  

Epidural Anesthesia acts by blocking nerve impulses from the lower spine resulting in decreased sensation in the lower half of the body. 

Epidural Anesthesia is in a class of drugs called local anesthetics and include drugs such as bupivacaine, chloroprocaine, or lidocaine.  Epidural Anesthesia delivered in a combination with narcotics or opioids such as fentanyl, propofol and sufentanil, which decreases the required dose of the local anesthetic with minimal effects. These medications may be used in combination with clonidine, epinephrine, fentanyl or morphine, to prolong the effect of the Epidural Anesthesia or stabilize the mother’s blood pressure.

How is Epidural Anesthesia administered?

After reaching the hospital room, or labor and delivery room, intravenous (IV) fluids will be started before active labor begins and prior to the procedure of placing the Epidural Anesthesia. 

Expectant mothers can expect to receive 1-2 liters of IV fluids throughout labor and delivery process. 

An anesthesiologist (a doctor that specializes in anesthesia), an obstetrician, or nurse-anesthetist will administer the Epidural Anesthesia. 

To administer the Epidural Anesthesia, you will arch your back and remain still while lying on your side or, more commonly, and when able, while sitting up.  This position is vital for preventing problems and increasing the effectiveness of the Epidural Anesthesia. 

An antiseptic solution is first used to wipe the waistline area of your mid back to minimize the chance of infection. Then, a small area on your back will be injected with a local anesthetic to numb the area where the Epidural Anesthesia needle is inserted. After which, a needle will be inserted into the numbed area that surrounds the spinal cord in the lower back. A small tube or catheter is threaded through the needle into the "epidural space."  The needle is carefully removed leaving the catheter in place so that the Epidural Anesthesia medication can be given through periodic injections or by continuous infusion. The catheter will be taped to your back to prevent it from slipping out.

What is Female Urinary Incontinence?

Female urinary incontinence is the inability for a woman to control urination.  

Female urinary incontinence is a significant and troubling problem for the majority of all women that have delivered one or more babies vaginally. 

Vaginal childbirth causes a "trauma" to the woman's vagina and pelvic region which includes the bladder, urethra and the ligaments that support them. 

Urine leakage when laughing, sneezing or coughing is a symptom of a woman having female urinary incontinence and a reason for her to visit her doctor.

Most people do not know that the majority of feminine hygiene products are sold to women - NOT for menstruation, but for female urinary incontinence!

What is "Feminine Deodorant"?

Feminine Deodorant is a feminine hygiene product used by women in the vulvovaginal area much like they use underarm deodorant to mask or cover vaginal odor. There are 7-8 major brands of feminine deodorants which are found on the feminine hygiene aisles at grocery stores and drug stores.

Throughout the day, and throughout a menstruating woman's menstrual cycle, her vulva and vagina produces a number of scents (and their respective chemical compounds) which come from urine, menstrual fluids, sweat, vaginal moisture and sometimes a vaginal discharge. Women feel more confident by using a feminine deodorant just as they do when using an underarm deodorant, and use a feminine deodorant after their bath or shower. Some women choose to use corn starch as their feminine deodorant on and around the vulvovaginal area.

Special note; women should NEVER use talcum powder on/in or around the vulvovaginal due to the link of multiple types of cancers (vaginal, cervical, uterine and vulvar cancer) associated with talcum powder use.

Did you know your vaginal odor problem could be 
related to your vagina not having the correct pH level?

See:  www.VaginalPH.com for more information

What is Feminine Itching?

One of the most annoying feminine or gynecological problem a girl or woman will face in her life is feminine itching. Every young girl and woman will experience the discomfort, embarrassment and possible pain of feminine itching at some point in their life. For most women, feminine itching may be a recurring nuisance, and potential indication of a minor or possibly serious medical symptom and condition which should also be a signal to her that she needs to see her gynecologist as soon as possible.

There are many reasons and causes for vaginal and/or vulva itching. A few of these are;

* allergies or reactions to perfumes or soaps
* excessive perspiration
* staying in a wet swimsuit and/or failure to change out of a wet swimsuit
* the wearing of jeans that are too tight around a woman's vulva
* vaginal douching
* vaginal dryness
* use of some types of feminine deodorant
* some types of feminine hygiene products that are scented or contain chemicals/materials that irritate the vulvovaginal area.
* scented toilet paper
* bacterial vaginosis
* sexually transmitted diseases
* trichomoniasis
* herpes
* chlamydia
* pelvic inflammatory disease
* Vaginal yeast infections
* vulvovaginitis

Even a woman's monthly hormonal changes and variations may play a role in contributing to vaginal dryness which, in turn, may cause feminine itching. Sexual intercourse - with prolonged intercourse or too much friction inside a woman's vagina can lead to internal soreness and irritation.... and feminine itching.

Vaginal and vulva perspiration can lead to irritation, and damp panties from excessive vaginal moisture, not changing panties after they become wet from whatever reason(s) (exercise, sexual activity, excessive vaginal moisture or perspiration), poor hygiene and/or failure to properly wipe from front to back after urination may provide an ideal environment for yeast and bacteria to grow. Changing your panties when they become wet, removing/changing from your swimsuit bottoms after you're finished swimming, and sleeping without panties at night to allow your vagina and vulva adequate airflow will help prevent a number of problems.

Vaginal yeast infections are a common side effect from using antibiotics, the primary treatment for many medical conditions including urinary tract infections ("UTIs"). One of the most common reasons why young girls from 5-8 years-old suffer from urinary tract infections comes from their improper wiping habits - not wiping from front to back - after urinating. Other causes include everything from allergies to soap, bubble baths, laundry detergents to anatomical variations of their vulvas.

Vaginal yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis are very common problems from women in their postmenopausal years. Menopause itself, with the associate vaginal dryness is another contributing factor to feminine itching as the lack of estrogen, which occurs after menopause, leads to thinning, sensitive vaginal tissues that are also much dryer than before menopause.

What about Feminine Odor?

Everyone needs to know about the problems and health concerns that feminine odor can be. Feminine Odor, also known as Vaginal Odor or "VO" is not just a source of embarrassment for women and girls, it could be a sign of a more serious vulvovaginal health concern. 

Let's face it, more and more dads, are being awarded primary and sometimes, sole-custody of their daughter(s). And, it's about time the courts recognize that dad's are just as capable, just as loving, just as nurturing, as a parent, than their ex-wives. Many times, Dad's are even better at parenting. And dads with daughters need to be able to communicate with their daughters when it comes to their daughter's vulvovaginal health and feminine hygiene needs.

While most young ladies do not have problems with vaginal dryness, vaginal odor, feminine deodorant, or feminine itching, changes in their hormones as they approach their first menstrual period, and thereafter, can sometimes lead to these problems.

And when dad is the only parent at home, it's vital that he needs to know how to help his daughter(s) with these health issues. By being informed, honest, and straight forward, dad can be the trusted resource that his daughter(s) need on these healthcare problems. And just as important, if you don't know the answer to her vulvovaginal health or feminine hygiene questions, tell her that you don't know and will find out and let her know. Then, call your family physician and get the answers she needs, and don't wait for her to possibly get the wrong answers from one of her friends at school!

My daughter has asked me about her Feminine Odor problem, what can I do to help her?

Feminine Odor may indicate a serious health condition, always see your doctor whenever you have a health concern!

There are few things more annoying, or concerning to a woman or young lady, than a Feminine Odor problem.

The best answer in this case is to be on the safe side and take your daughter to your pediatrician for him/her to treat. 

A Feminine Odor problem could be the indication of a more serious gynecological condition.

Otherwise, insure that when she is taking her bath or shower, that she is washing her vulva, with a very mild soap, and washing in between the labia and the creases. Make sure she is changing her panties every day.

What to do about Feminine Odor problems. What's a Dad to do?

Feminine Odor may indicate a serious health condition, always see your doctor whenever you have a health concern! 

All menstruating women's vaginas go through monthly changes wherein their vagina's smell or scent changes from one day to the next, and throughout her monthly menstrual cycle. The amount of vaginal secretions, cervical mucous and vaginal moisture, changes from one day to the next, and throughout the monthly menstrual cycle. This is due to the flow of hormones that produce these changes throughout her cycle and also the reason for her monthly menstruation, if she has not conceived.

Feminine Odor problems can be related to many things related to her menstrual hygiene, vaginal hygiene, and/or feminine hygiene, but may also be an indication of a medical condition that may need immediate treatment.

Feminine Odor may be the result of an inflammation of her vagina. The vaginal inflammation is often a result of infection in or around the vagina or vulva, called the vulvovaginal area. Sometimes this condition is referred to as vulvovaginitis.

Causes of Feminine Odor

Bacterial Vaginosis
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Gonorrhea
Lymphogranuloma Venereum ("LGV")
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ("PID")
Sexually Transmitted Infection(s)
Syphilis
Trichomonas
Vaginal Yeast Infection (candida)
Vulvovaginitis


Bacterial Vaginosis leads to Feminine Odor, what causes it?

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a type of vulvovaginitis. Bacterial Vaginosis occurs due to an overgrowth of one or more organisms that are normally present in your/your wife's vagina.

Many times, when a woman begins taking antibiotics, these antibiotics kill off the natural organisms in her vagina. This may cause some organisms in her vagina to multiply, and these organisms produce chemicals that cause a fish-like odor characteristic of BV. Feminine odor may be more acute, and stronger after sexual intercourse.

Many times, while a woman may believe that vaginal douching prevents or helps prevent feminine odor, especially after menstruation, douching actually disrupts the normal flora, or naturally occurring organisms that normally live in the vagina. Vaginal douching, therefore, may actually increase the risk of vaginal infection.

Signs and symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis include(s):

* Grayish-white vaginal discharge
* Vaginal itching or irritation
* Vulva/labial redness, irritation, swelling and redness

Treating Bacterial Vaginosis is normally started after a visit to the ob-gyn who may prescribe medication(s) - usually antibiotics.

Other causes of feminine odor include the following:

Poor vaginal, menstrual or feminine hygiene methods.

Not changing tampons, or menstrual pads frequently enough.

"Losing" or forgetting a tampon in the vagina, which may lead to a vaginal infection.

Rarely, an advanced tumor of the cervix or vagina will cause a vaginal odor problem.

Proper Vaginal Hygiene plays an important roles in reducing or eliminating feminine odor.

Vaginal Hygiene is part an area that focuses its studies, resources, and recommended products on proper Vaginal Hygiene, and overcoming Vaginal Hygiene problems.

Whether you are concerned about menstruation, whether you should consider douching, vaginal odor, vaginal dryness, menstrual odors during menstruation, or general feminine hygiene information, this site is for you.

What are "Feminine Wipes"?

Feminine Wipes are a feminine hygiene cleansing product used by women in the vulvovaginal area for cleansing of the sensitive vulvovaginal skin.  Feminine Wipes are used as a replacement for ordinary toilet paper as women find Feminine Wipes more effective and soothing than toilet paper. Feminine Wipes are free of harmful chemicals, dyes, perfumes or alcohol which may cause either allergic reactions or cause burning or stinging of the sensitive vulvovaginal skin.  There are 7-8 major brands of Feminine Wipes which are found on the feminine hygiene aisles at grocery stores and drug stores.

Throughout the day, and throughout a menstruating woman's menstrual cycle, the vulva and vagina produces a number of scents (and their respective chemical compounds) which come from urine, menstrual fluids, sweat, vaginal moisture and sometimes a vaginal discharge. Women feel cleaner or more feminine when they are able to comfortably cleanse the vulvovaginal area more effectively with Feminine Wipes as opposed to toilet paper. And when women feel cleaner and more feminine, they feel much more confident!

What is Genitourinary Medicine?

Genitourinary medicine is a combination of different medical practices that includes andrology, gynecology and urology. One of the primary specialties/diseases that a genitourinary doctor handles is sexually transmitted diseases.

The Female Genitourinary System

The female Genitourinary system is made up of the womb (uterus), ovaries, cervix, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva.

The female urinary organs like those in the male, form the excretory system of liquid waste. The urinary organs as excretory system serve the purpose of waste disposal for the body. The excretory system excretes toxins, excess water, and other solutes. In addition the excretory system regulates blood pressure, metabolism, and blood composition and volume.

The female reproductive system which includes the Genitourinary system, performs the reproductive function in women in their child bearing age.

Uterus (Womb)

A muscular organ, shaped like an upside down pear. Its inner lining is called the endometrium. The neck, or entrance to the womb is the cervix, which has a small hole in its centre, called the os.

Listed below are some of the common conditions, treatment and procedures involving the Uterus.

• Dilatation and Curettage (D and C)

• Endometrial Cancer

• Endometriosis

• Menstruation and associated conditions

• Hysteroscopy

• Hysterectomy

• Pelvic Prolapse

• Pelvic Organ Prolapse

• Prolapsed Uterus

• Uterine Cancer

• Uterine Fibroids

Ovaries

Two small almond shaped glands that contain eggs (ova). The ovaries are responsible for the female sex hormones.

Below are some of the common conditions, treatment and procedures involving the ovaries.

• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

• Hormone Replacement Therapy

• Infertility

• Ovarian Cancer

Cervix

The continuation from neck of uterus which has a small hole in its centre, called the os. Below are some of the common conditions, treatment and procedures involving the cervix.

• Pap Smear

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

• Cervical Cancer

Fallopian Tubes

These are two small tubes that connect the Ovaries on either side to the uterus in the centre. These tubes carry the egg (ovum) from the ovary to the womb. Below are some of the common conditions, treatment and procedures involving the Fallopian tubes.

• Ectopic Pregnancy

• Salpingectomy

Vagina

A muscular canal around 7.5 cm long that extends from the neck of the womb to the external female genitalia or vulva.

Below are some of the common conditions, treatment and procedures involving the vagina.

• Bacterial Vaginosis

• Prolapse

• Vaginal Relaxation

• Vaginal Vault Prolapse

• Vaginal Yeast Infection

Bladder

The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac which acts as a reservoir for the urine; and as its size, position, and relations vary according to the amount of fluid it contains. It receives urine from the kidneys through the ureters and is dispensed from the bladder through the Urethra.

• Female Urinary Incontinence

• Interstitial Cystitis

• Overactive Bladder Syndrome

• Urodynamics

What is Gynecologic Health?

Gynecologic health refers to the health, care, diseases, disorders and wellness of the female vulvovaginal and reproductive organs. The medical area that specializes in gynecologic health is gynecologic medicine and the doctors specialize in the "obstetrics and gynecology" field.

What is Gynecologic Medicine?

Gynecologic Medicine is the medical field of gynecology (also spelled gynaecology) and is the medical practice which deals with the gynecologic health of the female reproductive system (i.e. cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus and vagina) as well as the external female genitals or the "vulvovaginal" area. 

Gynecologic Medicine includes gynecologic health issues, including;

Endometriosis
Female Erectile Dysfunction
Female Sexual Dysfunction
Female Sexual Arousal Disorder - FSAD
Fertility
Fibroids (uterine fibroids)
Gynecologic Diseases
Gynecologic Oncology
Gynecologic Urology
Heavy periods (Menorrhagia)
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder - HSDD
Infectious diseases
Infertility
Menopause
Menorrhagia
Menstrual Disorders
Minimally Invasive Medicine
Osteoporosis
Painful periods
Pediatric Gynecology
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Reproductive Endocrinology
Ovarian cysts
Sexually Transmitted Diseases - STDs
UroGynecology
Vulvar Cancer
Vulvovaginal health problems (feminine odor, vaginal yeast infections, etc.)

The medical area that specializes in gynecologic medicine and the doctors specialize in the "obstetrics and gynecology" field.

What is Gynecologic Urology?

Gynecologic Urology, also referred to as Urogynecology, is a subspecialty within the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Uro-gynecologist's specialty is female pelvic disorders such as pelvic organ prolapse - which are bulges that extend from the uterus into the vagina or extend out of the vagina), urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence and constipation.

Doctors that complete their residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology, then go onto complete fellowship training in Uro-gynecology, where they spend several years focusing only on Uro-gynecology and female pelvic disorders.

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Gynecologic Urology
www.GynecologicUrology.com

The Internet's Leading Site for Gynecologic Urology

Advertise Your  Product, Company or Medical Practice 
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____________________________________

What is Hysteropexy?

Hysteropexy is the re-positioning and "fixation" of the uterus by a surgical procedure to correct its displacement.

What is Menorrhagia?

Menorrhagia is one of several debilitating "menstrual disorders" facing as many as 20% of all menstruating women. Menorrhagia is the medical term for women (and young girls first starting their menstrual cycles) that suffer from heavy menstrual bleeding. 

Heavy menstrual bleeding is defined as having a period that lasts 7 or more days each menstrual cycle (period) or is so heavy that you saturate your menstrual pad and/or tampon and need to change your feminine hygiene product(s) every one to two hours.  It is very important to inform your doctor if you have heavy menstrual bleeding! 

Women that are suffering from menorrhagia may experience; anemia, fatigue,  embarrassing menstrual accidents, and feel that you have to restrict your life and social activities to such an extent that you "miss out on life."  Many women prefer to stay close to home so as to avoid embarrassment due to their need to go to the restroom so often so that they can change their feminine hygiene products before they become too saturated and cause even more embarrassment.

How much blood is there during a "normal" monthly menstrual period?

The average loss of menstrual blood and fluid during a normal monthly period varies from one woman to the next and from one day to the next.  However, a "normal" amount of blood loss during one monthly menstrual period can be anywhere from 6 tablespoons to 9 tablespoons.  However, the "average" that most doctors would agree on is from 4 tablespoons to 6 tablespoons. 


How many women have Menorrhagia?

Approximately 1 in 5 menstruating women have Menorrhagia.

What causes Menorrhagia?

There are a number of medical conditions that may cause (or contribute) to menorrhagia. It's also possible to experience Menorrhagia without any known cause or reason. Here are a few causes of menorrhagia.

• Hormone imbalance: An imbalance of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Hormonal imbalance can also be a sign of early menopause (also known as perimenopause), which can lead to irregular or heavy periods.

• Infections and/or Disease: Menorrhagia may also be a sign of more serious conditions including cancer or infections in the uterus.

• Medications: Some drugs, including "anticoagulants" which are drugs that prevent blood from clotting, as well as anti-inflammatory medications, may be a reason that causes or contributes to menorrhagia.

• Uterine fibroids: Benign growths (which are noncancerous) in a woman's smooth muscle tissue of the walls of the uterus.  Uterine fibroids range in size from the size of a pea to grow as large (or larger) than a grapefruit.  The pressure from the fibroids may build with each month's menstrual cycle and cause menorrhagia.

• Vitamin K Deficiency

What are the symptoms or indications I may have menorrhagia?

Menorrhagia symptoms may include:

• Menstrual bleeding that "soaks" through one or more tampons or sanitary pads every hour for several continuous hours.
  

• Heavy menstrual bleeding that interferes with your normal or routine activities during your monthly periods.
  

• "Dreading" your next menstrual period.
  

• Wearing dark pants, skirts or dresses to cover unexpected "accidents."
  

• The needing to use double feminine hygiene products (i.e. a tampon, plus a maxi-pad at the same time).
  

• The need to change your sanitary protection while sleeping. 
  

• Menstrual bleeding that includes large blood clots.
  

• Severe menstrual cramping.
  

• Feeling tired, lack of energy, or shortness of breath.  This may also be you have "anemia" which is a condition affecting your red blood cells which is caused by excessive blood loss during your periods.

Remember, your body has about 5 pints of blood and continuously replenishes its blood supply, but heavy menstrual bleeding should always be a cause for seeing your doctor!

Are there any treatments or therapies for menorrhagia?

Yes, there's hope and help for women with menorrhagia! Here are a few of the options and therapies you will want to discuss with your doctor. 

First off, as many as 50% of women with menorrhagia may see a reduction in heavy menstrual bleeding by taking a Vitamin K supplement, as many women with a vitamin K deficiency have menorrhagia.  You will want to discuss this first with your doctor before taking any supplements. 

Hormone therapy - also known as "both control pills," and/or other medications may be prescribed to treat hormone imbalance. Hormone therapy is effective about 50% of the time, and may be required for a long period of time.

Hysterectomy -  removal of the uterus will end menorrhagia.

Intrauterine Device or IUD, may also prove beneficial in treating menorrhagia in some women.  An IUD is inserted in a woman's uterus by her doctor. The IUD will also act as a contraceptive.

Uterine Balloon Therapy - also known as Thermal Balloon Ablation (see below for more information).

What are Menstrual Disorders?

Menstrual disorders can be either a temporary or permanent condition. Both Menstrual disorders can interfere with a woman's ability to become pregnant.

A woman with Menstrual disorders should see her obgyn or family doctor as menstrual disorders may be signs or symptoms of more serious medical conditions.

Menstrual disorders can be caused by a number of differing problems or reasons. For normal menstruation to occur, a woman's hormonal glands must function normally for menstrual periods to occur.

Menstrual disorders can result from conditions that affect a woman's hormone-producing glands and organs that may include her cervix, hypothalamus, ovaries, pituitary gland, uterus, or vagina.

The most common Menstrual disorders are:

Amenorrhea - which is the absence of of a woman's menstrual periods.

Dysmenorrhea - also known as painful periods with severe menstrual cramping.

Menorrhagia - excessive menstrual bleeding. (see: www.Menorrhagia.net for more information).

Oligomenorrhea - which is infrequent (less than 8 periods/menstrual cycles per year) menstruation.

Toxic Shock Syndrome - starting out with flu-like symptoms, Toxic Shock Syndrome is related to tampon use, the absorbency of the tampon, and the length of time the tampon is left in the vagina and how often a tampon is replaced.

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation or a woman's monthly menstrual periods. Amenorrhea is classified as either "primary" Amenorrhea, which is the absence of "menarche" a girl's first menstrual period by age 16, or "secondary" Amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstrual periods for more than three to six months in a woman who previously had monthly menstrual periods.

Causes of primary amenorrhea which are normally present at the birth of a baby girl, but are not known until she reaches the age of puberty, and when she should be experiencing menarche. Conditions causing primary amenorrhea may include genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, and structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract. All of the conditions that lead to secondary amenorrhea can also cause primary amenorrhea. Pregnancy is the leading cause of secondary amenorrhea.

Among non-pregnant women, ovarian conditions are the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea; these conditions include polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure also known as early premature menopause.

The most common reasons for Amenorrhea, skipped menstrual periods or missing menstrual periods include:

* Emotional stress
* Excessive exercise or physical stress
* Poor nutrition
* Pregnancy
* Illness

Dysmenorrhea or painful periods is the medical term for severe menstrual cramping. "Primary dysmenorrhea" is not usually associated with other more serious medical conditions. Dysmenorrhea usually begins when a girl starts having her menstrual periods, and can start as soon as her first period or menarche.

Menorrhagia - or excessive menstrual bleeding, is normally indicated when a woman's menstruation lasts more than seven to eight days each monthly menstrual period, or if she loses more than 80 milliliters or about 1/3 of a cup of menstrual blood each monthly cycle. A woman's doctor may classify or diagnose her as having dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), which often leads to an iron deficiency or anemia unless she begins taking iron supplements, as prescribed by her doctor. Iron deficiency, as caused by the excessive menstrual bleeding, may lead to increased fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, and in severe cases - angina.

Menorrhagia's most likely causes include:

* Abortion-related problems
* Cervical or endometrial polyps
* Cervical cancer
* Endometrial cancer.
* Hormone imbalance
* IntraUterine Device (IUD)
* Menopause
* Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
* Perimenopause
* Premature Ovarian Failure
* Uterine fibroids or tumors (benign or cancerous)

see: www.Menorrhagia.net for more information.

Oligomenorrhea is another menstrual disorder that refers to infrequent or sporadic menstrual periods which are generally defined to mean fewer than six to eight periods per year.

Did you know your vaginal odor problem could be 
related to your vagina not having the correct pH level?

See:  www.VaginalPH.com  for more information

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What is "Nerve Stimulation" and how does Nerve Stimulation help patients?

There are various types of nerve stimulation, each with its own protocols for treating various ailments and conditions.

One type of nerve stimulation is for treating people with moderate to severe depression.  Depression can be a very serious and life-threatening condition that may require life-long management and treatment.  Treating depression may sometimes have a lower than hoped for success rate and estimates indicate that more than half of all patients with depression have relapses. Anti-depressant drugs and medication may lessen symptoms but may not relieve all of the symptoms in some patients.

Seizures also do not always respond to treatment. Some patients have tried two or more medications and still have seizures, as well as side effects from the drugs, both of which affect their quality of life.

Vagus nerve stimulators are a small medial device that are implanted under the skin of the chest.  A very small wire runs to the patient's vagus nerve, which is then stimulated by the device, in the same manner a pacemaker works.  In general, patients with depression normally experience an improvement in alertness, energy. memory, their depression improves as a result. better mood. These quality-of-life benefits improve over time. 

Vagus nerve stimulators, in general, have proven to be a safe and effective way to control seizures and lessen the severity of depression.   Because vagus nerve stimulators are used, drugs are usually not required, and there are no side effects that are associated with anti-depressant or seizure-control medications.

See:  www.DepressionHelp.net  for more information about depression.

What is Overactive Bladder & Overactive Bladder Syndrome?

Overactive Bladder Syndrome, also known as Female Urinary Incontinence or Stress Urinary Incontinence, is the loss of bladder control. 

Symptoms of Overactive Bladder Syndrome can range from mild leaking to uncontrollable wetting. It can happen to anyone, but it is more common in women who have had at least one vaginal childbirth, and becomes even more of a problem during menopause. 

Overactive Bladder Syndrome happens when genitourinary muscles are too weak or too active. If the muscles that keep your bladder closed are weak, you may have accidents when you sneeze, laugh or lift a heavy object. This is stress incontinence. If bladder muscles become too active, you may feel a strong urge to go to the bathroom when you have little urine in your bladder. There are other causes of Overactive Bladder Syndrome, including nerve damage and pelvic organ prolapse.

Doctors in Genitourinary Medicine are specialists in Overactive Bladder Syndrome.  Treatments for Overactive Bladder Syndrome depends on the type of problem you have and what best fits your lifestyle. It may include simple exercises, medicines, special devices or procedures prescribed by your doctor, or surgery.

What are Pantiliners?

Pantiliners, also referred to as; 

* Inipads - our revolutionary menstrual pad and tampon alternative!
* sanitary pads
* sanitary towels
* Mini-menstrual pads
* Maxi pads
* Menstrual pads
* Menstruation pads
* Pantiliners
* Pantishields
* Pantyliners
* Pantyshields

are thin, absorbent cotton, cloth or other material(s) used in feminine hygiene. 

Pantiliners are not your mother's bulky thick pads and sanitary napkins of 30 - 40 years ago!  Pantiliners make periods much more comfortable and convenient compared to the tick, bulky pads your mother used to wear!  Pantiliners, like sanitary napkins worn inside a woman's panties, so that the pantiliner is placed or wedged next to the vulva, specifically centered in front of the opening to the vagina.

Pantiliners are used for many feminine hygiene needs, including; absorbing a woman's daily vaginal discharge, periods of light light menstrual flow such as on day one or day 5 of menstruation, in conjunction with tampons for heavier menstrual flow days, menstrual cup backup, periods for when there is menstrual spotting and female urinary incontinence.

Pantiliners resemble other typess of feminine hygiene - specifically sanitary napkins in that Pantiliners are much thinner and often narrower than types of pads. As a result they absorb much less liquid than pads - making them ideal for light discharge and everyday cleanliness. They are generally unsuitable for menstruation of medium to heavy flow, which require them to be changed more often.

Pantiliners are produced in a wide assortment of absorbencies, sizes, shapes and scents, including no-scent for women with allergies.  Pantiliners even come in " thong" styles for fitting inside thong-style panties! 

What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

Pelvic Organ Prolapse also referred to as Pelvic Prolapse, is a very common condition, particularly among older women. It's estimated that half of women who have children will experience some form of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in later life. Many women, particularly because they may no longer be sexually active, and fail to continue receiving their annual pelvic exams, don't seek help from their doctor. Therefore, the actual number of women affected by Pelvic Organ Prolapse is unknown. 

Pelvic Organ Prolapse may also be called; genital prolapse, pelvic relaxation, Pelvic Prolapse, uterine prolapse, uterovaginal prolapse, pelvic floor dysfunction, urogenital prolapse, vaginal relaxation or vaginal vault prolapse.

What are the symptoms that indicate a woman is suffering from  Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

• Loss of bladder control.

• Loss of bowel control.

• Increasing need and frequency to urinate - and then difficulty in completely emptying your bladder.

• The feelings that your of pelvic or vaginal heaviness, bulging, fullness and/or pain, or a feeling that something is "dropping."

• Recurrent bladder infections.

• Excessive vaginal discharge.

• Pain or lack of sensation during sex

Pelvic Organ Prolapse is a real, common and treatable problem. Consider this:

About half of all women over age 50 suffer from some degree of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

One in 10 women undergo surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse before they reach the age of 80.

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Pelvic Organ Prolapse
www.PelvicOrganProlapse.com

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at the BEST website address for Pelvic Organ Prolapse!

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